经直肠前列腺穿刺活检【直肠超声引导下前列腺活检对前列腺癌患者PSA、PSAD的影响】

  [摘要] 目的 探讨直肠超声引导下前列腺活检诊断前列腺癌的效果,并与同期入选的非前列腺癌组织作对照,进一步探讨二者对前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、PSAD(PSA密度)的影响。方法 将前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)水平在2.5ng/mL以上并经直肠超声引导10孔法前列腺活组织检查的70 例患者根据检查结果随机分为前列腺癌组44例及非前列腺癌组26例,应用统计学方法比较分析两组的PSA、DRE(直肠指诊)、TRUS(经直肠超声)、PSAD(PSA密度)及前列腺大小、超声表现、活检并发症情况、各项检查的敏感性。结果 70例中44例证实患有前列腺癌,26例非癌病例;前列腺癌组与非前列腺癌组在PSA、异常DRE表现比率及异常TRUS表现比率、前列腺大小、PSAD均有统计学差异(P<0.05)。前列腺癌组织的超声表现与非前列腺癌组织比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。前列腺癌组与非前列腺癌组上述并发症的发生率比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。前列腺癌组的DRE及TRUS的敏感性均明显高于非前列腺癌组,两组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05)。但前列腺癌组的DRE与TRUS的敏感性对比,差异不显著(P>0.05),而非前列腺癌组的DRE与TRUS的敏感性对比差异也不显著(P>0.05)。结论 经直肠超声引导下活检穿刺联合应用血清PSA、肛门指诊及经直肠超声检查及PSAD检测,可以更有效指导经直肠超声引导下活检穿刺,具有很高的临床应用价值,能提高诊断率。
  [关键词] 经直肠超声(TRUS);前列腺特异性抗原(PSA);活检;病例对照研究
  [中图分类号] R737.25 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-9701(2011)36-01-03
  
  The Influence of Transrectal Ultrasound Guided Prostate Biopsy for PSA,PSAD
  ZOU Guilan SUN Long
  The Second Hospital in Yinzhou District of Ningbo City,Ningbo 315100,China
  
  [Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of prostate biopsy prostate cancer under rectal ultrasound-guided,and compared with non-prostate cancer tissue that were selected at the same time. To further explore both of them made the impacts on the prostate specific antigen(PSA),PSAD(PSA density). Methods Selected 70 cases which PSA levels were all above 2.5ng/mL and the cases had been treated with transrectal ultrasound-guided 10-hole. According to test results,the cases were randomly divided into two groups, prostate cancer group had 44 cases,and non-prostate cancer group had 26 cases.Used statistical methods to compare PSA,DRE,TRUS、PSAD and prostate size,ultrasonography, biopsy complications,each inspection’s sensitivity of the two groups. Results All of 44 cases had been confirmed to have prostate cancer,26 cases had non-cancer cases. There had significant differences between the two groups about PSA,abnormal DRE performance ratio, and abnormal TRUS performance ratio, prostate size and PSAD(P<0.05).The ultrasound showed the difference was significant between prostate cancer and non-prostate cancer tissue(P<0.05). There had no significant difference about the incidence of complications between prostate cancer group and non-prostate group(P>0.05).The sensitivity of DRE and TRUS in prostate cancer group were both higher than it in the non-prostate cancer group(P<0.05). Butseparately compared the sensitivity of DRE and TRUS in prostate cancer group and non-prostate cancer group,the difference was significant(P>0.05). Conclusion Transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy combined with serum PSA,digital rectal examination and transrectal ultrasound and PSAD detection,can be more effective guidance for transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy,with high clinical value, can improve the diagnostic rate.
  [Key words] Transrectal ultrasound(TRUS);Prostate-specific antigen(PSA);Biopsy; Case-control study
  临床诊断前列腺癌主要依据直肠指诊(DRE)、血清特异性抗原测定(PSA)和经直肠超声(TRUS)检查,DRE可扪及前列腺的大小、质地、硬度等情况,随着新的活组织检查技术的应用,目前应用最普遍的前列腺癌的超声诊断技术是经直肠超声(TRUS)。本研究旨在探讨直肠超声引导下前列腺活检诊断前列腺癌的效果,并与同期入选的非前列腺癌组织作对照,进一步探讨二者对前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、PSAD(PSA密度)的影响,现报道如下。
  1 资料与方法
  1.1 一般资料
  收集2008年6月~2010年12月我院所有PSA水平在2.5ng/mL以上并经直肠超声引导10孔法(可疑处加一针)前列腺活组织检查的病例70 例,所有的病例都是第一次检查,年龄51~82岁,平均(60±6.5)岁。70例中44例证实患有前列腺癌,设立为前列腺癌组织组,26例非癌病例设立为非前列腺癌组(其中2例有非典型性增生,6例是前列腺炎,18例前列腺增生)。没有发现高级别前列腺上皮内瘤变患者,两组患者的年龄等基础资料对比分析差异无显著性(P>0.05)。
  1.2 仪器与方法
  超声仪器采用HDI 5000 SonoCT,探头C9-5,配以专用穿刺价,Bard复用型活检枪,射程15~18mm,18G自动活检针。活检之前常规行直肠指检(DRE)及经直肠超声检查(TRUS),计算每个病例的容积,并计算出PSA密度(PSAD)。在DRE及TRUS异常情况下采用10孔法行前列腺活组织穿刺。
  1.3 统计学方法
  采用SPSS13.0统计学软件进行分析,计量资料应用t检验,计数资料应用χ2检验,P<0.05为有统计学意义。
  2 结果
  2.1 前列腺癌组与非前列腺癌组在PSA、前列腺大小、PSAD、DRE、TRUS的比较
  从表1中可见,前列腺癌组与非前列腺癌组的年龄无显著性差异,然而在PSA、前列腺大小、PSAD、异常DRE表现比率及异常TRUS表现比较,两组差异有显著性(P<0.05)。
  2.2 PSA、前列腺大小、PSAD分组前列腺癌的检出率比较
  按目前较一致的分法:在PSA值为2.5~10.0和>10.0前列腺癌检出率分别为16.7%和72.4%、PSAD分别为≤0.2和>0.2时,检出率为36.4%和75.0%,P>0.05;前列腺大小≤30.0和>30.0时检出率分别为65.2%和58.3%,P>0.05(表2)。
  2.3 前列腺癌组与非前列腺癌组超声表现比较
  DRE有以下几种表现: 前列腺增大Ⅰ~Ⅲ度;表面光滑或结节感;质地中等或较硬;与周边活动度等。TRUS表现:前列腺大小;内外腺分界不明显、清晰及其比例≥2/3、可见及其比例

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